Choosing carpet

Here is what you need to know when choosing carpet. First let us discuss the different types of carpet,

Plush (Saxony), Texture (Twist), Loop (Berber), Frieze (Shag), Cut/Loop (LCL), Woven, and Printed Patterns.

Saxony

Saxony Carpets have a very soft luxurious feel and are perfect for a master bedroom and formal areas

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Texture

Textured Carpets are very durable and are ideal for most areas in your home. They are available in solid color and 2 tone

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Berber

Loop pile carpets are recommended for active areas in your home and can withstand heavy traffic

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Shag

Shag/Frieze  long twisted fibers create soft, bouncy, springy feel and create a unique look 

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Cut & Loop

Cut and Loop Carpets are very popular and can be used in any area. They are available in simple textures and a variety of patterns

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Printed Pattern Carpet & Woven Carpets

Woven Carpet

Woven Carpet is produced on a loom similar to woven fabric known to last longer then tufted carpets. They are used widely in Europe and most woven carpets are imported 

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Print Pattern Carpet

Print Pattern Carpet are great for traffic areas in your home. Patterns also help to hide stains and wear and can add a theme to any room

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The next thing to consider is is the carpet fiber.
There are four yarn fibers used in the construction of carpet, Nylon, Polyester, Olefin and Wool 

Nylon is the most commonly used carpet fiber. In overall performance characteristics, nylon is the most versatile of all fibers, and provides excellent flexibility in creating a variety of carpet styles. Nylon can be found in a wide range of both cut pile and loop pile styles. It is durable, resilient, and receptive to dyeing for color versatility and uniformity; many new nylon yarn systems are also exceptionally soft. Though not inherently stain resistant, most nylon carpets feature a  treatment for protection against household spills and stains. 

Polyester  offers value with it's softness and color clarity, and is also naturally stain and fade resistant. While polyester is not as inherently resilient as nylon, today's polyester yarns are greatly improved and perform much better than in years past.

Olefin (Polypropylene) is great for areas prone to moisture or sunlight.  It does not absorb water and the color will not fade, even when exposed to intense sunlight, bleaches, atmospheric contaminants, or other harsh chemicals or elements. However, since it is not as resilient as other fibers, olefin is normally used in loop pile constructions in which there is less need for superior resiliency.

Wool has been used for carpet making since ancient times. It will last throughout the years. Its superior properties assure quality, function and design. Wool is the premium classic floor covering material. Today, wool used for carpet making comes from sheep in countries like New Zealand, Argentina and the United Kingdom.

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Factors to consider, 

usage of area - light traffic (bedrooms, guest rooms), medium traffic (family rooms, playrooms, dens), heavy traffic (hallway, stairs). 

The look - your style, color and overall look, what works well together what doesn't.

Your budget - how much you plan to spend.